A Review of Contactless Vital Signs Monitoring Technology Based on Millimeter-Wave Radar

Abstract

Non-invasive vital sign surveillance has garnered significant focus across sectors like intelligent medical care, wellness tracking, and crisis management because of its superior comfort and persistent surveillance features. Millimeter-wave radar, characterized by its high sensitivity to subtle human motion, robust environmental adaptability, and confidentiality preservation, has emerged as a vital technical pathway for non-contact physiological monitoring. This article examines the current evolution of millimeter-wave radar-driven vital-sign detection systems, provides a comprehensive summary of its fundamental sensing mechanisms, and presents a thorough evaluation of the critical technologies for monitoring multiple individuals simultaneously. Based on contemporary investigations, it integrates and scrutinizes the core ideas, practical contexts, and attributes of representative approaches—such as range partitioning, positional partitioning, signal separation, and deep learning—and highlights the trajectory in multi-person vital sign tracking toward intelligent processing, shifting away from mechanical isolation. Concurrently, the study addresses obstacles encountered in regions, such as target discrimination in intricate settings, algorithm stability, data availability, and practical implementations, and clarifies future paths for advancement. This research could function as a guide for investigating and utilizing millimeter-wave radar-enabled non-contact vital-sign tracking technology.