As part of the submission process, authors are required to check off their submission's compliance with all of the following items, and submissions may be returned to authors that do not adhere to these guidelines.

• All submissions must meet the following requirements.
  This submission meets the requirements outlined in the Author Guidelines.
  This submission has not been previously published, nor is it before another journal for consideration.
  All references have been checked for accuracy and completeness.
  All tables and figures have been numbered and labeled.
  Permission has been obtained to publish all photos, datasets and other material provided with this submission.

  
  

  General Requirements
  1. Language
  The Journal considers articles in English, Arabic and French.
  2. Length of Paper
  The journal does not impose strict limits on word count or page number. However, we strongly recommend that you write the article concisely.
  3. Paper Template
  Author(s) must use the journal template for their research paper(s). 

  
  

  Word Processing Format
  The manuscript file should be provided in Microsoft Word format only.

  
  

  Organization of Manuscript
  There is a generally accepted and widely followed structure for a standard research article in academic journals. While variations can occur based on the type of article (e.g., original research, book review, review article, discussion note, case study) and the specific guidelines of a particular journal, the following structure is commonly used:
  1- Title
  2- List of authors, their affiliations and email addresses
  3- Keywords
  4- Abstract
  5- Introduction
  6- Literature review
  7- Methodology
  8- Results/Findings
  9- Conclusion
  10- Statements and Declarations
  11- References

  
  

  1. Title
  The title should be a concise and informative description of the work that accurately reflects the main scope and content of the paper. It should be no more than 12 words in length. Abbreviations and formulas should be avoided where possible.
  2. Author Information
  (a) The name(s) of the author(s)
  (b) The affiliation(s) of the author(s), i.e. institution, (department), city, (state), country
  (c) A clear indication and an active e-mail address of the corresponding author
  (d) If available, the 16-digit ORCID of the author(s)
  If the address information is provided with the affiliation(s) it will also be published.
  For authors that are (temporarily) unaffiliated we will only capture their city and country of residence, not their e-mail address unless specifically requested.
  3. Abstract
  The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, design/methodology/approach, the main results and major conclusions. It should not exceed 350 words. The abstract should not contain any undefined abbreviations or unspecified references.
  4. Keywords
  The author should provide 4 to 6 keywords which can be used for indexing purposes.
  5. Introduction
  This section should be concise and define the background and significance of the research by considering the relevant literature, particularly the most recent publications. When preparing the introduction, please bear in mind that some readers will not be experts in your field of research.
  6. Literature Review
  This section is dedicated to the significant literature resources that contributed to the research. The author should survey scholarly articles, books and other sources relevant to the area of research, providing a description, summary, and critical evaluation of each work.
  7. Methodology
  This section should contain detailed information about the procedures and steps followed in the study. It can be divided into subsections if several methods are described.
  8. Results/Findings
  This section is a comparative or descriptive analysis of the study based on the results/findings, previous literature, etc. The results should be offered in a logical sequence, given the most important findings first and addressing the stated objectives of the study. The author should deal only with new or important aspects of the results obtained. The relevance of the findings in the context of existing literature or contemporary practice should be addressed as well.
  9. Conclusion
  The author should clearly explain the important conclusions of the research highlighting their significance and relevance.
  10. Statements and Declarations
  (a) Funding: Please add: “This research received no external funding” or “This research was funded by name of funder, grant number XXX” and “The APC was funded by XXX”.
  (b) Conflicts of Interest: Declare conflicts of interest or state “The authors declare no conflict of interest.”
  (c) Acknowledgments: Acknowledgments of people, grants, funds, etc. can be mentioned. The names of funding organizations should be written in full.
  11. References
  References will be consecutively numbered as they appear in the text by using numerals in square brackets (e.g., [1], [2, 3] or [4–7]). Further details on references can be found at the end of this document.
  It is the author's responsibility to ensure the completeness and accuracy of the information in each reference. All references must be numbered in the order of their first citation in the text and listed individually at the end of the manuscript. Please include the digital object identifier (DOI) for all references, if available.
  In-text citations should be identified by numbers in square brackets [ ], placed before the punctuation. Each reference should be cited within the text, and any references that are not cited will be excluded from the list.
  Example:
  Single citation: [1]
  Multiple citations: [2-6, 10]
  Use en dashes to join the first and last numbers of a closed series: [2-6]
  Use commas to separate other parts of multiple citations: [2-6, 8]
  Note: The numbers in square brackets correspond to the order of the references in the reference list.
  Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, Volume(Issue), xx–xx. https://doi.org/xxxxx(Journal Articles)
  For example:
  Gerold, E., & Antrekowitsch, H. (2022). A sustainable approach for the recovery of manganese from spent lithium-ion batteries via photocatalytic oxidation. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 11(3), 66–75. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20221103.12
  Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year).Title of paper [Paper presentation]. Conference Name, Conference Location. (Conference Proceedings)
  For example:
  Liu, X., & Sajda, P. (2023). Fusing simultaneously acquired EEG and fMRI via hierarchical deep transcoding [Paper presentation]. Brain Informatics: Proceedings of the International Conference on Brain Informatics 2023, Hoboken, NJ, USA.
  Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of book(Edition if not first). Publisher. (Books)
  For example:
  Cozby, P. C., & Bates, S. C. (2012). Methods in behavioral research (11th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
  Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of chapter. In E. E. Editor (Ed.), Title of book(pp. xx–xx). Publisher. (Book Chapters)
  For example:
  Rychtarova, J., Krupova, Z., Brzakova, M., Borkova, M., Elich, O., Dragounova, H., Seydlova, R., & Sztankoova, Z. (2021). Milk quality, somatic cell count, and economics of dairy goat’s farm in the Czech Republic. In S. Kukovics (Ed.), Goat science: Environment, health and economy (pp. 14–16). IntechOpen.
  Author, A. A. (Year). Title of thesis(Unpublished master's thesis/doctoral dissertation). University Name. (Thesis)
  For example:
  Miranda, C. (2019). Exploring the lived experiences of foster youth who obtained graduate level degrees: Self-efficacy, resilience, and the impact on identity development (Doctoral dissertation). Pepperdine University.
  Publishing body. (Year, Month Day). Title ofwebpage. URL (Websites)
  For example:
  European Space Agency. (n.d.). ESA: Missions, Earth observation: ENVISAT. http://envisat.esa.int/

  
  

  Types of Submission
  The journal publishes the following types of contributions: (1) full-length articles , (2) review articles, (3) book reviews, (4) discussion notes and (5) articles in translation 

  
  

  Permissions
  The author is responsible for obtaining all permissions required prior to submission of the manuscript. Permission and owner details should be mentioned for all third-party content included in the submission or used in the research.
  If a method or tool is introduced in the study, including software, questionnaires, and scales, the license this is available under and any requirement for permission for use should be stated. If an existing method or tool is used in the research, it is the author's responsibility to check the license and obtain the necessary permissions. Statements confirming that permission was granted should be included in the Materials and Methods section.

  
  

  Ethics and Consent
  Research involving human subjects, human material, or human data, must have been performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Where applicable, the studies must have been approved by an appropriate ethics committee and the authors should include a statement within the article text detailing this approval, including the name of the ethics committee and reference number of the approval. The identity of the research subject should be anonymised whenever possible. For research involving human subjects, informed consent to participate in the study must be obtained from participants (or their legal guardians).

  
  

  Copyright Agreement
  If the paper is accepted for publication we require the authors to sign an Assignment of Copyright before the article can be published. The form will be sent with the acceptance e-mail.