A Review of the Mechanisms by which Avoidant Attachment Influences Interpersonal Relationships

Abstract

In recent years, psychological research has increasingly focused on the impact of avoidant attachment on interpersonal relationships, particularly in relation to emotional expression, social support, and relationship quality. This paper systematically reviews relevant domestic and international studies, outlining the definition and formation mechanisms of avoidant attachment and examining its manifestations in interpersonal contexts. Existing literature suggests that avoidant attachment not only constrains individuals’ emotional expression and access to social support but also exerts a lasting influence on the quality of intimate relationships. However, prior research often addresses these effects from isolated perspectives, lacking an integrated analysis of underlying mechanisms. To address this gap, the present review synthesizes findings across studies and analyzes the influence of avoidant attachment from three interrelated dimensions: emotion regulation, cognitive processing, and interpersonal behavior. Based on this synthesis, a mechanism model is proposed, involving emotional deactivation, cognitive avoidance, and interpersonal alienation. In addition, potential intervention pathways, such as enhancing emotion regulation and activating secure attachment, are discussed. This study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of avoidant attachment and provides a theoretical basis for promoting healthier interpersonal relationships and mental well-being.