Digital Transformation, Information Systems, and Supply Chain Resilience: A Case Study of Caterpillar

Abstract

Digital transformation has become a key driver of operational resilience in manufacturing, yet substantial investments in information systems (IS) do not always translate into stronger supply chain performance. This study examines how Caterpillar Inc.'s information system architecture has evolved to support its operations strategy and evaluates whether these developments have improved supply chain resilience. Using a qualitative case study approach, the paper analyses three stages of IS development, from paper-based coordination to enterprise-wide digital platforms, and evaluates their alignment with Caterpillar’s strategic objectives. The findings suggest that while Caterpillar has successfully established an integrated digital ecosystem, persistent challenges in data governance, semantic consistency, and predictive decision-making continue to limit operational responsiveness during major supply chain disruptions. Building on these findings, the paper proposes two practical improvements: AI-assisted semantic data governance and a cloud-native predictive supply chain control tower. Beyond the Caterpillar case, the study highlights the importance of combining digital technologies with organizational governance to achieve sustainable supply chain resilience. The findings provide practical implications for manufacturing firms seeking to enhance digital transformation through better information management and strategic alignment.