The Role of Family Environment in the Psychological Well-being and Emotional Development of Adolescents in a Cross-cultural Context
Main Article Content
Keywords
family environment, parenting styles, psychological well-being, emotional development, cross-cultural context
Abstract
Parenting style is regarded as the most significant factor in the family process that affects the psychological and emotional development of adolescents. Authoritative parenting features moderate support and positive, warm interactions, which usually lead to positive outcomes for children, such as high self-esteem and psychological well-being. Moreover, positive parenting styles can promote the free expression of emotions and facilitate successful emotion regulation. Since culture defines the value standards of parental parenting behaviors, parenting styles and behaviors may have different effects on children's development in different cultural backgrounds. To this end, attention should be given to adolescent development in diverse cultural contexts. Moreover, current cross-cultural research has focused mainly on the comparison of cultures among different countries, with little mention of urban and rural settings. Future research could explore how different parenting styles influence adolescents’ psychological well-being and emotional regulation in rural and urban Chinese settings.
References
- Baumrind, D. (1991). Effective parenting during the early adolescent transition. In P. A. Cowan (Ed.), Family transitions (pp. 111-163). Routledge.
- Beck, A., Daley, D., Hastings, R. P., & Stevenson, J. (2004). Mothers’ expressed emotion towards children with and without intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 48, 628-638.
- Bornstein, M. H. (2012). Cultural approaches to parenting. Parenting, 12, 212-221.
- Camras, L. A., Sun, K., Fraumeni, B. R., & Li, Y. (2017). Interpretations of parenting by mainland Chinese and U.S. American children. Parenting, 17(4), 262-280.
- Chen, X., & Li, D. (2012). Parental encouragement of initiative-taking and adjustment in Chinese children from rural, urban, and urbanized families. Journal of Family Psychology, 26(6), 927-936.
- Choi, A. (2018). Emotional well-being of children and adolescents: Recent trends and relevant factors. OECD.
- Denham, S. A. (2019). Emotional competence during childhood and adolescence. In Handbook of emotional development (pp. 494-541).
- Ding, R., Bi, S., Luo, Y., Liu, T., Wang, P., He, W., & Ni, S. (2021). Mothers’ emotional expressivity in urban and rural societies: Salience and links with young adolescents’ emotional wellbeing and expressivity. Development and Psychopathology, 35(3), 1130-1146.
- Francis, A., Pai, M. S., & Badagabettu, S. (2021). Psychological well-being and perceived parenting style among adolescents. Comprehensive Child and Adolescent Nursing, 44, 134-143.
- Gómez-López, M., Viejo, C., & Ortega-Ruiz, R. (2019). Psychological well-being during adolescence: Stability and association with romantic relationships. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, Article 1772.
- Gracia, E., Lila, M. S., & Musitu, G. (2005). Parental rejection and psychological and social adjustment of children. Salud Mental, 28, 73-81.
- Guedes, B. F., Cerqueira, A., Gaspar, S., Gaspar, T., Moreno, C., & Gaspar de Matos, M. (2022). Family environment and Portuguese adolescents: Impact on quality of life and well-being. Children, 9, 200.
- Guo, J. S., Tang, X., Marsh, H. W., Parker, P., Basarkod, G., & Sahdra, B. (2023). The roles of social-emotional skills in students’ academic and life success: A multi-informant and multicohort perspective. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol, 124, 1079-1110.
- Han, Z., Qian, J., Gao, M., & Dong, J. (2015). Emotion socialization mechanisms linking Chinese fathers’, mothers’, and children’s emotion regulation: A moderated mediation model. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24, 3570-3579.
- Joshi, M. S., & MacLean, M. (1994). Indian and English children’s understanding of the distinction between real and apparent emotion. Child Development, 65, 1372-1384.
- Paul, R. S., Martica, L. B., Katie, L. C., & Caroline, B. R. E. (2015). The effects of positive and negative parenting practices on adolescent mental health outcomes in a multicultural sample of rural youth. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 46, 333-345.
- Peterson, G. W. (2005). Family influences on adolescent development. In T. P. Gullotta & G. R. Adams (Eds.), Handbook of adolescent behavioral problems (pp. 27-55). Springer.
- Raj, S. P., & Raval, V. V. (2013). Parenting AND family socialization within a cultural context. In E. L.Anderson & S. Thomas (Eds.), Socialization: Theories, processes and impact (pp. 57-78). Nova Science Publishers.
- Ryff, C. D. (2017). Eudaimonic well-being, inequality, and health: Recent findings and future directions. International Review of Economics, 64, 159-178.
- Sbicigo, J. B., & Dell’Aglio, D. D. (2012). Family environment and psychological adaptation in adolescents. Developmental Psychology, 25(3), 615-622.
- Shek, D. T. L. (1997). Family Environment and Adolescent Psychological Well-Being, School Adjustment, and Problem Behavior: A Pioneer Study in a Chinese Context. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 1997, 158(1), 113-128.
- Smith, T. E. C. (1997). Adolescence: A continuing challenge for special educators. Remedial and Special Education, 18(5), 285-260.
- Sowislo, J. F., & Orth, U. (2013). Does low self-esteem predict depression and anxiety? A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Psychological Bulletin, 139, 213-240.
- Stack, D. M., Serbin, L. A., Enns, L. N., & Ruttle, P. L. (2010). Parental effects on children’s emotional development over time and across generations. Infants & Young, 23, 52-69.
- Thompson, R. A., & Virmani, E. A. (2010). Handbook of cultural developmental science. In (pp. 195-207). Routledge.
- Yeo, G. H., Cheah, C. S. L., & Sim, T. N. (2020). A tale of two countries: Singaporean and Chinese parents’ emotion socialisation during childhood and the relation to adolescents’ emotion regulation. International Journal of Psychology, 55(2), 163-172.
- Zhong, J., He, Y., Chen, Y., & Luo, R. (2020). Relationships between parenting skills and early childhood development in rural households in Western China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17, Article 1506.
Article Sidebar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.